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Choosing a major is one of the most important decisions a college student can make. Ideally, a college major can open doors into the workforce and help pave the way to a high-paying job and fulfilling career. As major life decisions go, choosing what to study in college isn't to be taken lightly. 

選擇專(zhuān)業(yè)是大學(xué)生要做的最重要的決定之一。理想情況下，大學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)可以打開(kāi)職場(chǎng)大門(mén)，為獲得高薪工作和充實(shí)的職業(yè)生涯鋪平道路。作為人生的重大決定，選擇在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)什么并不是一件容易的事。

Prospective students should be aware of how majors will position them for their desired industry and how earnings may vary by field over the course of a career. Read on for expert advice on how to decide on a college major.

未來(lái)的學(xué)生應(yīng)該了解專(zhuān)業(yè)對(duì)他們所期望的行業(yè)的定位以及職業(yè)生涯中不同領(lǐng)域的收入會(huì)有怎樣的差異。以下是關(guān)于如何選擇大學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)的建議。

選擇專(zhuān)業(yè)的建議

Vol.1 找到你的興趣所在

A student's major will greatly influence his or her college experience. Many students join clubs related to their major and befriend classmates within their area of study.  Considering how a major can affect a student's life both during and after college, it's optimal to choose an area of sustained interest. 

一個(gè)學(xué)生的專(zhuān)業(yè)將極大地影響他或她的大學(xué)經(jīng)歷。例如，許多學(xué)生參加與他們專(zhuān)業(yè)相關(guān)的社團(tuán)并和他們學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的同學(xué)交朋友。考慮到一個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)會(huì)影響一個(gè)學(xué)生在大學(xué)期間和畢業(yè)后的生活，選擇一個(gè)持續(xù)感興趣的領(lǐng)域是最佳的。

Students should choose to focus their studies on topics they are interested in exploring and on skills they want to build.

學(xué)生應(yīng)該選擇把重點(diǎn)放在他們感興趣的研究領(lǐng)域，以及他們想要培養(yǎng)的技能上。

 

Vol.2 選擇專(zhuān)業(yè)的時(shí)候要考慮大學(xué)的學(xué)術(shù)水平

Students who are set on a specific major should consider how that subject is taught at their target schools. For example, does a college have a reputation for minting graduates who go on to successful careers in their chosen field? Or does a college even offer the major that an applicant is interested in?

選擇了特定專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生應(yīng)該考慮目標(biāo)學(xué)校是如何教授該學(xué)科的。例如，一所大學(xué)是否以培養(yǎng)畢業(yè)生在自己選擇的領(lǐng)域取得成功而聞名?或者學(xué)校是否會(huì)提供申請(qǐng)者感興趣的專(zhuān)業(yè)?

students should check college websites to learn more about available program offerings. Another source to learn more about quality programs is the U.S. News rankings and QS World University Rankings, which include breakdowns of top schools in engineering, finance, marketing and various other fields of study.

學(xué)生們可以查看大學(xué)網(wǎng)站，了解更多可供選擇的課程。另一個(gè)了解學(xué)校課程質(zhì)量的來(lái)源還可以是U.S. News 發(fā)布的排名榜單、QS世界大學(xué)排名榜單等作為參考。這些榜單可以提供如工程、金融、市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)和各種其他研究領(lǐng)域的頂尖學(xué)校的分類(lèi)。

 

Vol.3 聽(tīng)取業(yè)內(nèi)人士的職業(yè)建議

College applicants may gain a better understanding of the jobs in certain majors by speaking with industry professionals instead of family and friends.

大學(xué)申請(qǐng)者可以通過(guò)與業(yè)內(nèi)人士而不是家人和朋友交談來(lái)更好地了解某些專(zhuān)業(yè)的工作。

In a 2017 survey on students who sought advice on what to major in, 84% rated advice they received from people with experience in a field as helpful, and 82% rated advice from an employer or coworker as helpful. Ultimately, parents should step back and remember that choosing a major is not their decision. Let your child pick the major that he or she is most interested in。

在2017年對(duì)尋求專(zhuān)業(yè)建議的學(xué)生進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查中，84%的人認(rèn)為他們從具有該領(lǐng)域經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人那里得到的建議是有益的，82%的人認(rèn)為雇主或同事的建議是有益的。最后，家長(zhǎng)們應(yīng)該了解，選擇專(zhuān)業(yè)不是家長(zhǎng)自己的決定。讓你的孩子選擇他或她最感興趣的專(zhuān)業(yè)。

 

Vol.4 了解你想從事的職業(yè)需要的學(xué)位是什么？

For many jobs, a bachelor's degree is sufficient. But some professional roles require additional training. For example, aspiring doctors and lawyers should know that college is just the beginning. So while majoring in prelaw or premedicine may be the right step at the undergraduate level, those students should be aware that an additional degree will be required to practice law or medicine. 

對(duì)于許多工作來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)士學(xué)位就足夠了。但一些專(zhuān)業(yè)性高的職業(yè)則需要額外的培訓(xùn)。例如，有抱負(fù)的醫(yī)生和律師應(yīng)該知道大學(xué)只是一個(gè)開(kāi)始。因此，雖然在本科階段主修法律預(yù)科或醫(yī)學(xué)預(yù)科可能是正確的一步，但這些學(xué)生應(yīng)該意識(shí)到，從事法律或醫(yī)學(xué)工作需要額外的學(xué)位。

Experts say that before declaring a major, students should look to their end goals to understand if they will need a graduate or professional degree to land the job they want.

專(zhuān)家表示，在選擇專(zhuān)業(yè)之前，學(xué)生們應(yīng)該考慮自己的最終目標(biāo)，弄清楚自己是否需要一個(gè)研究生學(xué)位或?qū)I(yè)學(xué)位來(lái)幫助自己找到理想工作。

Vol.5  把你的專(zhuān)業(yè)和有用的輔修科目結(jié)合起來(lái)

Though a college major will make up a large portion of the courses a student takes, a minor is another avenue to learn useful skills. A useful major and minor combination can reinforce skills across disciplines and prepare students to work in more than one industry.

雖然大學(xué)主修課程占學(xué)生課程的很大一部分，但輔修課程是學(xué)習(xí)有用技能的另一個(gè)途徑。一個(gè)有用的專(zhuān)業(yè)和輔修結(jié)合可以加強(qiáng)跨學(xué)科的技能，并為學(xué)生在多個(gè)行業(yè)工作崗位做好準(zhǔn)備。

"I think of a minor as an interdisciplinary link," Micah Sadigh, a psychology professor and department chair at Cedar Crest College in Pennsylvania, told U.S. News in 2019. "It links you, connects you to another discipline and changes, expands how you think about disciplines, but also, expands how you think about life, people, working with people, creativity and how creativity can manifest itself differently."

2019年，賓夕法尼亞州西達(dá)克斯特學(xué)院的心理學(xué)教授兼系主任米卡·薩迪在接受《美國(guó)新聞與世界報(bào)道》采訪時(shí)表示:“我認(rèn)為輔修課程是一種跨學(xué)科的聯(lián)系。它將你與另一門(mén)學(xué)科聯(lián)系起來(lái)，并改變、擴(kuò)展你對(duì)學(xué)科的看法，同時(shí)也擴(kuò)展了你對(duì)生活、人、與人合作、創(chuàng)造力以及創(chuàng)造力如何以不同方式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的看法。”

 

Vol.6  計(jì)算未來(lái)可能獲得的薪資

It can be valuable for prospective and current college students to know which majors are more or less likely to lead to a high salary. Students who have an idea of what they'll make after college can get a jump-start on budgeting for things like student loan payments or graduate school.

對(duì)于大學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，了解哪些專(zhuān)業(yè)畢業(yè)后可能獲得高薪是很有價(jià)值的。了解大學(xué)畢業(yè)后能賺多少錢(qián)的學(xué)生可以開(kāi)始為學(xué)生貸款或研究生院等事情做預(yù)算。

 

Vol.7   要知道專(zhuān)業(yè)是可以改變的

As a student takes more college classes, his or her interests will likely expand alongside the knowledge gained. That could mean a student suddenly discovers a new passion that translates into a career. As long as the decision to change a major is made early on, it should be a smooth transition.

隨著學(xué)生上更多的大學(xué)課程，他或她的興趣可能會(huì)隨著獲得的知識(shí)而擴(kuò)展。這可能意味著學(xué)生突然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新的愛(ài)好，并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為職業(yè)。只要及早做出轉(zhuǎn)專(zhuān)業(yè)的決定，都是可以平穩(wěn)地從原專(zhuān)業(yè)過(guò)渡到新專(zhuān)業(yè)的。

However, if a student waits until late in college, changing majors may mean it takes longer to graduate.  Students should discuss the change with an academic adviser to make sure it works, but generally speaking, the earlier the better.

然而，如果一個(gè)學(xué)生在大學(xué)階段的后期換專(zhuān)業(yè)可能意味著需要更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間才能畢業(yè)。學(xué)生們應(yīng)該與學(xué)術(shù)導(dǎo)師討論轉(zhuǎn)專(zhuān)業(yè)的事宜，以確保其有效，但一般來(lái)說(shuō)，越早轉(zhuǎn)專(zhuān)業(yè)越好。

高起薪的大學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)

Here are the 3 college majors with the highest median starting salaries for graduates with a bachelor's degree only, as well as the schools at which graduates earned the highest median starting salary for each of those majors, according to the nationally representative Online Salary Survey by Payscale.

根據(jù)具有代表性的Payscale在線薪資調(diào)查，以下是僅有本科學(xué)位的畢業(yè)生起薪中位數(shù)最高的3個(gè)大學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)，以及這些專(zhuān)業(yè)的畢業(yè)生起薪中位數(shù)最高的學(xué)校。

#1 Computer engineering 計(jì)算機(jī)工程

Median starting salary: $80,300

起薪中位數(shù):80,300美元

College with highest median alumni starting salary for this major: University of California—San Diego

該專(zhuān)業(yè)校友起薪中位數(shù)最高的學(xué)院:加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校

Median starting salary for University of California—San Diego graduates in this field: $97,500

加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校在該領(lǐng)域畢業(yè)生的起薪中位數(shù)為97,500美元

#2 Computer science 計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)

Median starting salary: $77,300

起薪中位數(shù):77,300美元

College with highest median alumni starting salary for this major: Stanford University (CA)

該專(zhuān)業(yè)校友起薪中位數(shù)最高的學(xué)院:斯坦福大學(xué)(CA)

Median starting salary for Stanford University graduates in this field: $119,000

該領(lǐng)域斯坦福大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的起薪中位數(shù)為11.9萬(wàn)美元

#3 Software engineering 軟件工程

Median starting salary: $75,900

起薪中位數(shù):75,900美元

College with highest median alumni starting salary for this major: San José State University (CA)

該專(zhuān)業(yè)校友起薪中位數(shù)最高的學(xué)院:圣何塞州立大學(xué) (CA)

Median starting salary for San José State University graduates in this field: $92,100

圣何塞州立大學(xué)在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的畢業(yè)生起薪中位數(shù):92,100美元。

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